Othello and Desdemona vs. Romeo and Juliet Essay - 720 Words

Othello and Desdemona vs. Romeo and Juliet Othello and Desdemona are similar and different from Romeo and Juliet in several ways, both as couples, and as individuals. The circumstances they face and the nature of their characters share similarities, and so do the choices they make, but the other characters in the respective plays, and the key differences in Othello and Romeos dispositions cause them to go down separate roads, even if the end stage is the same. Desdemona and Juliet are interesting, not because they are portrayed as intrinsically interesting, because they aren’t, but because of the way that they respond to the pressure created by the clash of family and love in their lives. Neither Desdemona nor Juliet suffer from deep†¦show more content†¦This plays out in each character’s relationship with their love interest. Romeo and Juliet have a trusting relationship; they blame their marriage troubles on their feuding families and on outside factors, rath er than directing anger or blame at each other. Othello, on the other hand, is so insecure about his relationship with Desdemona that he allows himself to be convinced of her infidelity quite easily by Iago. He pounces on the opportunity to reinforce his fears and blame his insecurity on Desdemona, instead of trusting her the way Romeo trusts Juliet, and finally accuses her of sleeping with Cassio on line 72 of Act 4 Scene 2 (Shakespeare). The most obvious similarity between Othello and Desdemona, and Romeo in Juliet, is the tragic end both couples meet. Romeo and Juliet have a rather complicated series of misunderstandings that lead both of them to commit suicide. The melodramatic reasoning behind this self-murder is that neither Romeo nor Juliet can live without the other, and would rather join them in death. Othello makes the same decision when he realizes that Desdemona was, in fact not unfaithful. This is not as interesting as his reasoning behind killing her in the first place . When he first becomes convinced of Desdemona’s disloyalty, he decides to kill her, not only as revenge, but also to preserve his honor, and hers. By killing her, he erases her sins restores her to purity; â€Å"If I quenchShow MoreRelatedLove and Desdemona2800 Words   |  12 Pagesothello was a tradgic play. it shows many different types of feeling inWithout Trust, Love Cannot Prevail Trust can be defined as assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something (Websters 1246). In life many people are faced with the decision on who or who not to trust, especially in the realm of love. Trust is one of the main factors needed to determine a healthy, loving relationship. In William Shakespeares Othello, the main character Othello is unable

Teenage Pregnancy Is A Growing Problem - 1782 Words

Introduction Teenage pregnancy is a growing problem today even though statistically over the history it has improved the U.S. still has the highest teen pregnancy rate. These issues have a spiraling effect with the teenage parents or the mother. Financial, academic, and childcare for a teenage parent can be stressful and demanding more so with a teenager. Not only will the child of the teenager be affected but the parent and the community will have adverse effect. Thesis Even though with proper information on sexual education and the risks of teenage pregnancy such as health, financial and mental can help reduce the numbers in the future. Teenage pregnancy can put many burden on the parents and the community (local or federal†¦show more content†¦Peer Pressure: Social status is a good contributing factor when it comes to school. Most teens want the status of being popular and in some cases, they find that being sexually active give the perception of maturity and being cool. Most teen pregnancies are because of the girls lack of confidence or self-worth, this leads into them feeling ugly and eventually doing sexual favors for the guys to get attention. When these teenagers continue to conduct unprotected sex eventually this can lead to pregnancy. The Kaiser Family Foundation states that more than 29 percent of pregnant teens reported that they felt pressured to have sex, and 33 percent of pregnant teens stated that they felt that they were not ready for a sexual relationship, but proceeded anyway because they feared ridicule or rejection (Langham, 2015). Lack of Parental guidance: Another reason that the teens get pregnant is that they lack the guidance from their parent especially, when it’s a single parent. Parent are either too busy or their teen feels like they can’t talk about sex and end up with little to no information. Some parents can put a lot of restrictions to their teenager, especially girls to protect them from harm. This can lead to increased frustration, curiosity, or even feeling of not being loved from overprotection. There are more motivators to have sex today than not for early teenagers. In the United State, a child born to a teen are very likely toShow MoreRelatedTeenage Moms That Are Still In High School Get Pregnant1391 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage moms that are still in high school get pregnant at a young age, and are not able to support themselves or their child. There were just under a quarter million pregnancies in women ages fifteen to nineteen in 2014. About eighty-five percent of these pr egnancies are unplanned, which in any population can increase the risk for problems. The biggest risk for teen mothers is delaying prenatal care or worse, about seven percent received no care at all. According to CDC, In 2014, almost 250,000Read MoreGrowing Up Of Poverty : An Important Aspect That Maintains An Individual s Place Essay842 Words   |  4 PagesAnuja Kattel Mrs. Smith ENGL 1113 Comp I MWF 11:00 27th October 2016 Growing up in Poverty Economic status is an important aspect that maintains an individual’s place in the society. Economic status is the thing that matters more than gender, race or religion. Though it is not the actual fact but it is believed that you need to have an economic standard to create your identity in society. Society doesn’t give respect to poor and this is heart breaking. Poverty not only prevents you from gettingRead More Teens Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pages a national problem needs to addressed. Is America’s youth being educated in regards to preventing teenage pregnancy? Did you know that approximately every two minutes, a teenage girl in the United States gives birth (Guernsey 6)? While this fact may be sad and startling to most people, it is indeed the truth. Over the past few decades, the problem of teen pregnancy has grown considerably in this country. However, the most extensive dilemma regarding the issue of adolescent pregnancy is the incrediblyRead MoreImpac ts Of Teen Pregnancy1525 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the pregnancy rate in adolescents has declined steadily in the past 10 years, it remains a major public health problem with lasting repercussions for the teenage mothers, their infants and families, and society as a whole. Successful strategies to prevent adolescent pregnancy include community programs to improve social development, responsible sexual behavior education, and improved contraceptive counseling and delivery. Many of these strategies are implemented at the family and communityRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Causes Serious Physical And Emotional Problems1369 Words   |  6 Pages Teen pregnancy causes serious physical and emotional problems for adolescent mothers, therefore there should be steps taken to prevent such things from happening. I have a close friend who got pregnant at the age of fifteen. It was a mega crisis for her and her baby. It caused a heartbreaking feud between my friend and her parents, as well as her schooling, leading her to drop out of high school. The emotional stress she gained was harming her body. The baby’s father wanted nothing to do with theRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Research Paper820 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage Pregnancy in America Teen pregnancy is a growing epidemic in the United States. Teen girls are becoming pregnant at an alarming rate, with a lot of the pregnancies planned. With television shows broadcasting shows such as â€Å"16 and Pregnant† and â€Å"Teen Mom†, it is giving teenage girls the idea that it is alright to have premarital sex and become pregnant. It is in a way condoning teen pregnancy. I am interested in discussing teen pregnancy and the options that are out there for theRead MoreSexual Education And Sex Education1358 Words   |  6 Pageshad an unplanned pregnancy? Do they know their options about abortion or adoption or keeping the baby? Will young adults know the results of their choices? Sexual education teaches all of the following, and kids in the curriculum are more likely to defend themselves in a plot when they were approached by a stranger (â€Å"Teaching children in schools†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Sexual education teaches students about sexual health, abstinence, and information such as contraception, condoms, unplanned pregnancies, and sexually transmittedRead MoreShould Society Support Pregnant Teens Essay947 Words   |  4 Pageswe should not increase the financial support. Who is to say that the baby should suffer from the choices the mother made? It is important that throughout the pregnancy a teen has an adult to look up to and ask for help. This will insure the mothers health and reduce stresses during pregnancy and the babies health during and after pregnancy. When parents of pregnant teens first find out that their child is pregnant they probably experience a wide range of emotions, from shock and disappointmentRead MoreTeen Pregnancy and Ways to Prevent It1710 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: Teen pregnancy is an important issue all over the country. This is an ongoing problem that must be dealt with. Teenage pregnancy can ruin a teen’s life and also the life of an infant. In this paper I will discuss the many aspects of teenage pregnancy and how it affects the life of a teenager. Each year in the US almost 1 million teens become pregnant. While the facts are clear, the issues of teenage pregnancy are complicated. Talk of sex is everywhere in our society and young girlsRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Costs The United States1577 Words   |  7 Pages Section One: â€Å"Why?† The United States has the highest rates of teen pregnancy and births in the western industrialized world. Teen pregnancy costs the United States at least $7 billion annually. Family First Aid has stated that â€Å"thirty-four percent of young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20 — about 820,000 a year. Eight in ten of these teen pregnancies are unintended and 79 percent are to unmarried teens.† You may ask why so many teens are pregnant. It may be because

Sales Organizations in Emerging Markets †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Sales Organizations in Emerging Markets. Answer: Introduction: SingTel Optus Pty limited is the second largest telecommunication company based in Sydney, Australia. It is wholly owned subsidiary of sing Tel and provides telecommunications services for both businesses and individuals in this country (Daniela, 2012). The company shares vision, values and core purpose: to be Pacifics best multimedia solution. Its mission is breaking barriers and building bonds. SingTel Optus Pty limited aims at breaking barriers which keep people apart and create bonds through establishing technologies which connect individuals in different parts of the world Some of the services offered by this company include business network services, telephony, internet and satellite, subscription television services, Wi-Fi calling services among others. This company uses marketing orientation through responding to consumer needs and wants by producing products accordingly (Fran, 2012). In the recent years, Optus has been introducing new technologies as one of the strategies of competing with companies like Telstra, Vodafone, AAP limited among others. Recently, this strategy has failed because customer satisfaction has declined because of consumer being frustrated by the new technologies, and also acting as a repellent to prospects. This orientation is of concern because this is a communication company and the use of technology in its marketing is very imperative. Most of the SingTels strategic, operational and financial dynamics are currently improving (Guevarra, 2010). This shows that this companys current operational strategies are evidencing to be successful. This company has diverse geographical operations because its services and products are used nationally. Having diverse geographical operations is a benefit for SingTel Optus Pty limited because it assists its marketing team to target customer in different areas and also assists the company in dividing the market in different segments. The other strength associated with this company is that it is among the largest telecommunication company in Australia and has been able to acquire smaller players who have assisted in strengthening its brands. Acquiring smaller players has also assisted this company to obtain increased sales, big market share, and customer loyalty which in turn lead to increase in revenue This company serves large number of customers across Australia and aims to continue innovating and investing in technology to increase the number of customers (Harden Heyman, 2011). The company aims at providing outstanding goods and services so as to enhance customer experience. The company values its customers because it believes they are the reason why the company exists. According to Sikandar (2013), consumers change their preferences based on technological changes. Most of the customers served by this company are sensitive to changes in technology because they always want to be provided with goods and services based on the latest technological advancements. SingTel Optus Pty limited puts this into consideration because the management is aware that failure to consider this may adversely impact the business. Some of the key collaborators of this company are its suppliers (Gregory, 2013). The company is always devoted to collaborating with transparent, ethical, and environmentally and socially accountable suppliers. SingTel Optus Pty limited has contracted different vendors to assist the company in enhancing its business across the country. For the mobile services which contribute to the highest revenue, the company liaises primarily with network infrastructure and equipment suppliers as well as handset and manufacturers. For the fixed broadband and pay-TV services, its key suppliers comprise of router, modem and other related equipment such as set-top boxes. Its main suppliers for the digital and entertainment services are advertising agencies and content providers. Optus selects its suppliers carefully to assist in providing its customers with the best quality products and services (Tybout Calder, 2010). Its procurement policy aims to award tenders fairly based on merit. All suppliers are required to abide by the SingTel Optus Pty limited supplier code of conduct. Senior officers are also randomly put on a roster for tender bid verification to ensure they meet all requirements. The fact that the Australian telecommunication industry is dominated by different players makes it very competitive (Hassan, 2016). Some of the strong companies which compete with SingTel Optus Pty limited include Telstra corporation limits, AAPT limited, Vodafone group limited company among others. As time goes on, the threat of new companies entering the Australian telecommunication industry is increasing because the demand for better communication products and services is increasing every day. To address the possible threat with is likely to result from competition as time goes on, SingTel has been investing in technology and innovation to ensure the consumers gets goods and services according to their expectations. Introducing the 4G network is one of the strategies which have enabled this company to maintain its competitive advantage (Pauwels, 2014). SingTel strives to introduce advanced technologies in the market before its competitors does so because it wants the customers to view it as fast in innovation and adapting to the emerging technologies. SingTel Optus mostly competes with Telstra because it wants to surpass it and be termed as leading in the telecommunication industry. The operation of SingTel Optus is impacted by various factors which include political technological, economical, legal and sociocultural factors. For the political factors, the company is impacted by the changes in government regimes because each one of them comes with their way of administration which impact businesses. The unstable economic condition of Australia also impacts this company in the fact that its sales and revenue depends on various aspects related to the nature of economy of the country (Hess, 2011). This company is also impacted by legal factors because it must operate according to the law. When there are frequent changes of laws which influence its business area, the company experiences challenges because it must amend its operation strategies to ensure they are in line with the laws. Most of the products and services offered by this company are related to technology and therefore it means any technological changes impact its business (Mohammad, 2013). To continue maintaining its competitive advantage, the company must learn and adjust to the recent technological changes. As time goes on, the culture of using technology is changing. Unlike in the past where technology related products were mostly associated with the young generation, even the adults are joining the trade. The young people have started adapting the western culture which has influenced their lifestyle and purchasing behavior. Customers are the most important assets in this organization (Irina, 2013). The company focuses on designing its products and services in a manner which can meet the customer expectations. SingTel Optus Pty limited achieves this through collecting information concerning the kind of products and services which the customers expect to get and use it in designing products and services in a manner which can satisfy their expectations. SingTel has a team of marketers who act as important sources of information concerning various aspects which affect customer satisfaction. The company also conducts regular researchers to establish the changes in customer wants (Mohammad, 2014). This includes using various data collection tools like for example short questionnaires and interviews to collect information concerning customer needs. Once this information is collected, the management analyses it so as to come up with the necessary strategies which can assist the company to increase customer loyalty through providing high-quality goods and services. Over the years, Optus has also been using its supply chain to obtain information concerning customer expectations, preferences, buying behavior and so forth. Information concerning customer wants is highly valued by this organization because it serves as an important factor when making decisions on how to improve customer experience. Molin (2013) Argues that marketing information is fundamental for organizations which are focused on challenging competitors. The marketing team in this organization plays a significant role in collecting information concerning competitors which pose threats. The department conducts market research to find out any emerging or existing company which seems to challenge SingTel Optus Pty limited from realizing a significant market share. The department also liaises with monitoring and evaluation department to analyze changes in market share, and also determine the companies which may be contributing to the decrease in case it is identified. The company also identifies the strategies used by the companies which pose threat so that it may come up with strategies which can challenge them. Over the years, this company has been valuing research and development in its operation and is always aware that competition is one of the major factors which can negatively influence its operation (Mohammad, 2013). Therefore, it frequently conducts market research and uses the results obtained to enhance its goods and services. The company is aware that one of its biggest threats which can impact its operations is competition. Therefore, it finds out which companies are likely to pose threats and acts accordingly to challenge them. The context of Australian telecommunication industry is characterized by relentless change (Pauwels, 2014). To stay competitive, this company collects data concerning any changes that may negatively impact its business and uses it in establishing strategies which can assist it to maintain a competitive advantage. Changes in business context in this industry are triggered by several factors which include changes in consumer buying behavior, new entrants, change in competition strategies and so forth. Information concerning these aspects is always imperative for SingTel Optus because it is used by the management to make decisions which can assist the company to operate based on what has changed in the business context. The change in business context in this industry is mostly triggered by two factors: competition and technology (Sandhya, 2014). These two factors are the one which primarily change from time to time and are also the ones which have the greatest impact on the way which companies conduct their business in this sector. If for example there is emergence of new technologies and some companies are fast to adapt to those changes than others, then changes in business context will occur because consumers will have to shift from one company to the other. This shift is caused by the fact that consumers want to be associated with companies which provide them with new experiences. SingTel Optus Pty limited values its collaborators because they play a significant role in its success (Mathieson, 2010). One of the ways used by this company to obtain information the role of collaborators in the company is using questioners with different questions which are aimed to know if they feel there is any role they play towards this company. The company also has advanced systems which are designed to collect information concerning its collaborators. These systems are reviewed from time to time by the management in order to know if the company is collaborating with people entities which create value for the company or not. For the suppliers, the company uses its supply chain department to obtain information from different levels of the supply chain through various techniques of obtaining information like interviews. The company also analyses how the people involved in its supply chain have enhanced the efficiency of this process through obtaining information from various people who it affects. Some of these people include the customers, retailers and so forth. Because the Australian telecommunication market is diverse, this company has segmented it depending on different features so as to be able to undertake its marketing effectively (Pauwels, 2014). The company operates in four segments namely; Optus consumer, Optus business, Optus SMB and Optus whole and satellite. SingTel has segmented its market based on population. The Optus consumer provides mobile voice, and Wi-Fi services, Optus business provides communication services to the government and corporate customers, Optus SMB provides services to small and medium businesses, and finally, the Optus wholesale and satellite provides telecommunication services to other providers and is one of the strongest in the Australian satellite industry. There are also other ways which this company can segment the market so as to be more effective in addressing customer needs. One of the best ways is based on class. The company has products which are of different qualities and sold at different prices. The company can divide the market into three classes and provide good and services based on those selections. The most ideal selections, in this case, can comprise of first class, middle-class and low-class segments. The choice of target market for this company should be selected based on factors which influence people to use technology related goods and services. One of the factors which influence technology usage is age. The management should consider this factor when making decisions concerning its targeting strategies because it is among the major aspects which influence the use of technology related products and services among the people. According to Binti (2015), people whose age is between ten to forty years are more likely to use technology related products and services than those who have reached the age of 45 and above. This means the company should target under 40s in order to realize a progress in its business. According to SingTel Optus Pty limited, customers have various reasons why they prefer using products and services from this company other than those of its competitors. Some of the factors include reliability and durability (Hess, 2011). Most of the customers say that majority this company offers reliable services and its products are durable than those of its competitors. The reason why this company has attained this value from its target customers is because it knows that people need flexibility and great value and therefore strives to ensure this factor is attained. To remain competitive, SingTel should focus on making the customers realize why the company exists. In this case, it should differentiate its products and make them more competitive through improving quality. The company can also increase value preposition by ensuring it sells products which are based on the latest technological changes. The Positioning statement for the target market should define various things like the target market, the unique value which the company provides, why should the customers believe this company is the best and so forth. This company operates in a very competitive market and therefore should come up with a statement which gathers information concerning the target market so that it can decide on how to position itself in a manner which can favor its operations (Janet, 2013). The Positioning statement for the target market defines the market based on various characteristics which influence the use of telecommunication products. Some of these characteristics include age, the level of income and probably education. Every decision concerning products and services should be based and supported by the Positioning statement for the target market. SingTel should ensure its products and services fulfill the needs and wants of its customers. Before delivering products and services to the market, the management should ensure there are unique features which differentiate them from those of competitors, and ones which can also make the customers to have the reason for purchasing them. For example, if it is WI-FI, the company should ensure it is reliable and can meet the speed which the customers expect. All products should be compelling to enable consumers feel that they need them. The nature of products should also be in line with the selling price. SingTel should make sure its plans for the prices based on the quality of products and the target market. According to Atul (2015), consumers make buying decision-based on various factors which include their level of income, the relationship between quality and selling prices, and so forth. This means the pricing strategies should be based on the quality of the products, and what defines its target customers. The pricing strategy should also consider other factors like supply costs, prices used by competitors and seasonal discounts. When determining the prices, the company should find out if the targeted customers have found it worth to purchase the products at that price. According to Sergey (2014), promotion plays a role in informing consumers concerning about what a company offers and why they should buy products from that company. The targeted market cannot know the importance of purchasing products from this company without undertaking promotions. This company should always advertise and create positive public relations so that it can show the target customers the reasons they need to use goods and services from this company and why they should be willing to purchase them at particular prices. Place should define how a product is sold and the manner in which it is delivered in the market (Pauwels, 2014). The company should ensure products are delivered based on how it has segmented the market. For example, if the segment is defined by class, it should ensure the products are delivered based on the purchasing power of each class. The management should also ensure the products are always available in its target markets. When placing the products in stores or any other place where the customers can obtain them, it is important to factor in differentiation (Pauwels, 2014). The company should develop its products in a manner which the customers can differentiate them from those of its competitors. This can be attained through unique packaging, brand names or any other factors which can make the customers realize the difference between SingTel Optus products from those of other companies like Telstra, Vodafone, and others. References Atul, S. 2015. Capital Budgeting Principles: Bridging Theory and Practice. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, Vol. 19, No. 3, PP. 60-70. Binti, R. 2014. Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior: A Study among University Students in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 10(9), 23-30. Daniela, I. 2012. Entrepreneurial Marketing: A New Approach for Challenging Times. Management Marketing, Vol. 7, No.1, PP. 44-108 Fran, B. 2012. Digital Technology Use among Disadvantaged Australians: Implications for Equitable Consumer Participation in Digitally-Mediated Communication and Information Exchange with Health Services. Australian Health Review, 36(2), 75-85. Gregory. L. 2013. Digital Universe: The Global Telecommunication Revolution. Journalism Mass Communication Educator, 68(4), 45-67. Guevarra, R. A. 2010. Marketing Dreams, Manufacturing Heroes: The Transnational Labor Brokering of Filipino Workers. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press Harden. L Heyman. B. 2011. Marketing by the Numbers: How to Measure and Improve the ROI of Any CamPaign. New York: Amacom. Hassan, A. S. 2016. Customer Satisfaction with Mobile Services in Telecommunication Companies, Journal of Competitiveness Studies, 24(3), 78-123. Hess, E. D. 2011. Growing an Entrepreneurial Business: Concepts and Cases. Stanford, CA: Stanford Business Books Irina. P. 2013. Product Innovation Strategies on Emerging Markets: Bringing Theory and Practice Together. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 5(2), 58-90. Janet. M. 2013. Telecommunication Tower Leases Not Subject to Self-Rental Passive Income Rule. Journal of Accountancy, 215(2), 456-487. Mathieson. R. 2010. The On-Demand Brand: 10 Rules for Digital Marketing Success in an Anytime, Everywhere World. New York: AMACOM. Mohammad, H. 2014. Sport Knowledge Management and Its Role in Promoting the Electronic Marketing Decision Making Process. Asian Social Science, Vol. 10, No. 14, PP. 95-100. Mohammed, A. 2012. Establishing Sales Organizations in Emerging Markets: The case of Saudi Arabia. Review of Business Finance Studies, 3(2), 65-70. Molin. M, M. 2013. Vonage: An Opportunity in the Telecommunication Industry. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies. 19(5), 56-78. Pauwels. K. 2014. Its not the Size of the DataIt's How You Use It: Smarter Marketing with Analytics and Dashboards. New York: American Management Associations. Sandhya. R. 2014. Digital Universe: The Global Telecommunication Revolution. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 91(4) 34-56. Sergey, S. 2014. Economic Strategy of the Hospitality Industry Development in the Russian Federation: Methodology and Practice. European Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 8, PP. 60-99. Sikandar, D. 2013. An Analysis of the Competitive Marketing Strategies of the Hospitality Industry in UAE. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 3, PP. 40-90. Tybout, M. A Calder, J. B. 2010. Kellogg on Marketing. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Why Did Picasso Go Back To Cubism Essay Example For Students

Why Did Picasso Go Back To Cubism Essay Pablo Picasso was born in the twelvemonth 1881 ; he lived through the First World War, through the Spanish civil war and through the Second World War1. Of these epochs of human calamity, the Spanish civil war seemed to impact him the most. Picasso was in France during the belligerencies and as such was non obligated to contend for either side during the war. Despite Picasso s strong communist propensities his attachment to pacificism meant that he would non assist in the battle against the Patriots straight. When Franco s fascists gave the green visible radiation to the Nazi Luftwaffe to level the wholly defenceless town of Guernica it gave the universe a minute of intermission. The ensuing deceases of 400 noncombatants drove Picasso from inaction2. He painted Guernica in 1937, it was an baronial cubist picture that depicted the 16 stat mis of arrant desolation, horror and hopelessness2. The picture was Picasso s protest against the senseless killing that ravished his state and it was exhibited all over the universe so that others could understand the deepness of his heartache. The different positions that are present in cubist plants ( normally ) can approximately be fit together to organize an overarching position from which the full image that the writer is depicting can be seen. This overarching position is perceptibly absent from Guernica. Picasso s pick to utilize cubism without giving the image coherency was peculiarly disposed as he was seeking to depict the inanity of the events that took topographic point. The picture that is in inquiry is cubist and it portions similarities to both analytical cubism and man-made cubism but does non absolutely fit into either class. The picture lacks a individual incorporate position which is characteristic of both types of cubism. Besides perceptibly absent is the vivid colourss that is frequently seen in man-made cubism but non in analytical cubism. This being said, Guernica besides does non hold the crude colourss that are normally found in analytical cubism. Like other man-made cubist plants, the picture incorporates parts of the existent universe ( newspaper print ) into its construction. Picasso was populating in France at the clip of the bombardment and possibly this is how he found out about the bombardment. Picasso gave his picture genuineness by integrating into it pieces of the existent universe. The picture besides does non look to be a individual image that has been broken down in order to be analyzed and so reassembled. This procedure wou ld necessitate cold withdrawal which this picture lacks. It seems to be more of a montage of different images that have been held together by Picasso s emotional province at the clip. He compressed the different horrors of the bombardment together into a individual 11 x25 uniqueness of suffering3. The picture is far more reactionist than it is analytical. The pick of curtailing the picture to black, gray and white is suiting as those are the colourss of bereavement. The first parts of the picture that draw our attending are the bull at the left of the picture and the Equus caballus in the centre of the picture. The bull stands in forepart of a door or a big window and its tail looks like it is composed of fires. This may be symbolic for the province the small town was in after the bombardment ; Windowss that were one time lit with lamps were now lit with fires. Below the bull sits a lady who is keeping a dead kid in her weaponries. She seems to be looking into the celestial spheres and shouting at the German pilots. It is hard to state if she is cussing them or if she is naming them so back to stop her heartache so that she can be with her kid one time more. Traveling to the right a deceasing adult male can be seen on the floor gazing at the celestial spheres in torment with his right arm severed, but still seizing a broken blade. The villagers in Guernica were so incapacitated that all they had to contend the bombers of the German Luftwaffe wit h was crisp implements. Above him is a deceasing Equus caballus that is riddled with shrapnel. The newspaper print in this picture was chiefly used to build the Equus caballus. The Equus caballus s right forepart leg seems to sketch the caput of another animate being that it is standing on. The presence of the animate beings in Guernica is non surprising given the rural nature of the Basque town. It was non merely the people that suffered, 100s of animate beings must hold besides died in awful provinces of fright and confusion. Above the Equus caballus is a light bulb, the type of visible radiation that is normally found in question suites. It seems to stand for the agony of the Basque people at the custodies of Franco even before the events that transpired in 1937. .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a , .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .postImageUrl , .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a , .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:hover , .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:visited , .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:active { border:0!important; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:active , .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91a4aa31430c6b42f0759ec0d8ad775a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Comparison Between The Works Of Amedeo Modigliani And Jacques Villon EssayIn the left corner of the picture there is a adult female that is lodging her caput out of the window with a lamp in her manus. She is the lone individual in the picture who is non gazing at the sky, possibly she is meant to be the international community who were appalled at the bombardment but seemingly non aghast plenty to make anything about it. Underneath her is a gimping adult female whose vesture has been torn and whose leg appears to be broken. Following to her is a adult male who is trapped under rubble and is throwing his custodies in the air in despair as he is accosted by the fires. The fires have besides escaped the house behind him through its roof. At the right terminal of the picture is door that sits ajar, it is imaginable that this is the door through which hope escaped the people of Guernica. The Spanish civil war started when a group of disgruntled generals in the Spanish ground forces, lead by Franco, attempted ( and finally succeeded ) to subvert the democratically elective authorities. The war was a peculiarly atrocious one because of foreign intervention. Germany and Italy sponsored the fascists, while the USSR supported the ousted authorities forces ( republicans ) . Hitler s program was to maintain Mussolini ( his Italian ally ) occupied with the Spanish job so that he would be unimpeded and would be able to concentrate on his readyings for war in Europe. This meant that Germany supplied the fascists with the purpose to maintain the war traveling on every bit long as possible. They provided merely adequate equipment and support so that Franco would non be defeated, but non plenty for him to win outright. The war of abrasion went on for about four old ages during which all of Spain suffered. The Basque were peculiarly targeted by the patriots ( fascist ) because the y did non conform to accommodate Franco s wants. Franco wanted to organize a strong cardinal authorities that would govern every facet of Spanish life. The Basque people wanted a high degree of liberty from the authorities and some even wanted complete independency. As the republican cabal was willing to listen to their demands, the Basque sided with them when the civil war started. There were many lending factors to the bombardment. The Nazis wanted to prove out their developing air force and Franco was turning weary of Basque opposition. The extent of Franco s annoyance at the Basque could be seen in the Torahs that he passed to eliminate Basque linguistic communication and civilization even after he was winning. Guernica was chosen because of its defencelessness, its importance to the Basque people and because if it s strategic significance ( to cut off the republican retreat ) . After the three hours of bombardment, really small remained of the metropolis and around six per centum of the population lay dead. The horror that was felt by the universe was non merely because of the figure of people that died, but it was in the celer ity with which the violent death was done. Picasso was non the lone individual horrified by the bombardment ; the fascists who had called in the bombardment were besides horrified by the consequences. The slaughter produced by this one foray revealed to Franco the form of things to come in the Second World War and was an of import ground behind why Spain remained impersonal in this war. Picasso s picture made the bombardment of Guernica more than merely a intelligence headline. His usage of cubism allowed him to depict the bloodcurdling scene. The manner accurately described the tattered metropolis of Guernica and competently communicated the upset and confusion felt by its occupants. The deficiency of points to concentrate on within the picture adds to this sense of confusion. The painting stairss off from the impersonal manner that is common to cubist pictures and accurately depict the horrors and the monochromatic hopelessness of war. Picasso s greatest accomplishment with Guernica was that he used little more than pigment and a canvas to for good chase away society s romantic impressions of war.

Witte And Stolypin Essay For Wilcock Essay Example

Witte And Stolypin Essay For Wilcock Essay For example White improved Russians production of raw material during the great spurt and stolidly reformed agriculture through things such as the strip system. Sergei White contributed massively o the industrial and economic expansion in Russia in the 1 8905 but only later on, after the economic trouble of 1901-1902 where 2400 firms closed, and during the great spurt(1892 did he make huge improvements. A major example Of how White improved Russians industrial standing was the completion of the trans-Siberian railway in 1 903 after its 10 year construction. It extended Russians railways from 30,km in 1890 to 60,km in 1 904, and therefore Since the railway stretched across most of Russia, it allowed for resources in areas such as Siberia to be made use of since prior to its instruction there was no way to reach them. This was reflected in the increasing production of coal, iron and oil, which all nearly tripled in-between 1900 and 1910. Communication between the central cities of Russia such as Baku, SST. Petersburg and Moscow increased along with their populations due to people making use of the railway and migrating to the cities. Baku for example grew from 12 thousand people in 1897 to 211 thousand people, and due to it being the centre of oil production, oil output rose from 3. 9 million tones to 9. 7 in 1910. White therefore, through the Trans Siberian railway yester drastically transformed Russians industry. Alongside this he had accomplishments in other areas such as the economy, for example in 1894 he managed to produce 30% of Russians revenue through establishment of the state liquor monopoly. And in 1 887 he put the ruble on the gold standard, which resulted Russians budget doubling and investment increasing. We will write a custom essay sample on Witte And Stolypin Essay For Wilcock specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Witte And Stolypin Essay For Wilcock specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Witte And Stolypin Essay For Wilcock specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The military was another area which the growth of industry benefited as production of war materials grew significantly. Overall the culmination of all Whites achievements massively transformed Russians industry in a massively costive way, however agriculture in comparison to industry had no major reforms, which can be seen as one of his failures. Whites successor peter Stolidly had a shift in focus compared to Whites who singularly focused on industry. Since Russians heritage and main form of income and output throughout its history was agriculture, he believed it was the more important sector to focus on. Also due to his tsarist ideals he aimed to prevent another revolution so therefore aimed to improve the position of the peasantry. In terms Of agricultural transformations, the expansion Of the areas actually used for farming was a huge step forward. This was achieved through the incentives of cheap land in Siberia with the aid of government loans. These loans were also made more enticing due to the abolishment of the redemption payments on New Years Day 1907 which meant the agricultural workers werent tied down by other loans and payments. These reforms under Stolidly were considerably successful as in 1 906, agricultural production was 45. Million tones but by 1 91 3 it was 61. 7 million tones. The lives of those actually doing the work were also transformed due the peasants being freed from the commune under the law of 9 in November 906 and then financial aid was given in the form of the land bank after its creation on the 1 5th November 1906. Arguably one of Cytolysiss most effec tive reforms was the strip system. Allowing for the equal distribution of land along with a more effective farming method agricultural production rose massively and peasant owning their own land increased from 20% to 50% in between 1905 and 1915. The creation of the kulaks also improved agriculture since the new class of peasants were more hard working and motivated in comparison to their previous ways of being lazy and inefficient. Stolidly and his numerous reforms did undoubtedly transform Russians agriculture and improved upon its position in relation to agriculture before he took charge, however his reforms were cut short by the start of howl and Russians needs changed. However both Stolidly and White had drawback during their time as chief minister to the Tsar. White focused solely on industry without any notable thought to Russians agricultural position, which is reflected in the slow increase in cereal production in-between 1 890 and 1900 of 36 million tones to 56 million tones in comparison to the tripling of industrial production in the same timeshare. Living conditions in the urban areas decreased rapidly during Whites mass arbitration as the crowds that flooded into the towns and cities after the railways completion had nowhere to go since it all occurred to fast for the cities to expand and be able to accommodate the increasing populous. Also in relation to arbitration and industrial growth, everything he achieved, although it was a step forward for the previously backwards Russia, was far behind that of the western world. To support this it can be said that he did not transform industry and actually oaken it by urbanism to much since due to poor conditions, in some cases famine occurred which reduced Russians output as workers were not as effective.

How does Revolutionary Communism compare with Democratic Socialism

How does Revolutionary Communism compare with Democratic Socialism Introduction The last two centuries have been characterized by the emergence of ideologies which have brought about potent political movements advocating for change and transformation of the government systems of the world. While some of these ideologies have been largely ignored and practiced by an inconsequential proportion of the population, there are those which have been widely embraced and used by states all over the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How does Revolutionary Communism compare with Democratic Socialism? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These varied political ideologies have differed in terms of their philosophies, policies and agendas. Arguably the most prevalent political ideology is democratic capitalism which is championed by the western world and is currently the most popular system in the world. Revolutionary communism and democratic socialism are two other potent political ideo logies. While communism remains to be a former shell of what it was in the past, democratic socialism still has a significant following though out the world. Both these political systems differ profoundly from the capitalist ideology which hugely favors the capital contributors in the society. This paper will undertake a concise yet informative comparison between revolutionary communism and democratic socialism so as to arrive at a conclusion as to which of these systems is better off. The political questions on which these two movements agree as well as those which they disagree on will be articulated. A discussion on which of these systems offers a better government will also be presented. Brief overview of Communism and Democratic Socialism Communism by definition is a system or form of common life in which the right to private or family property is abolished by law, mutual consent, or vow† (Woolsey 1). This definition parallels the ideals of socialism which are centered on giving power to the workers who not only form the majority but responsible for the creation of wealth. Socialism therefore calls for them having an equal share to the profits that they help generate. Socialism and communism share some major characteristics with the major difference being that while socialism is only an economic system, communism is a political system. Communists advocate for the socialist system which is characterized by centralized planning agencies and the single legal party. Notable Communist regimes are the collapsed Soviet Union and China. In these regimes, the single party is authorized to set goals and organize activities of the workers collectively as well as devise plans that balance the need to reward skilled workers against the need to prevent high income inequalities that characterized capitalist societies (Kornblum 479).Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Socialism is regarded as the primitive stage of communism in which public ownership maintains a dominant position in the economy especially in key economic sectors. However, this system does not hold some of the radical views as expressed by the communism ideal. As such, democratic socialism can be seen to be and evolved or precursor to the communism system which advocated for an absolutely socialist nation. Democratic Socialists believe that both the economy and society should be run democratically to meet public needs, not to make profits for a few (DSA). As such, the government structures that are set up under the capitalistic ideology out to be transformed so that the ordinary citizen has a greater say in decision making. Similarities Arguably the most apparent similarity between social democracy and revolutionary communism is that both see capitalism as a grossly exploitative system that results in numerous social injustices (Schwartz and Schulman 4). Both of these political systems argue that capitalism inevitably gives rise to vast disparities of wealth as the working class’s efforts are used to make the wealth industry owners even wealthier. Both systems blame industrial capitalism for destroying important human values such as compassion, religious believes and altruism among others and replacing them with naked exploitation as everything is based on money (Wren). The two systems also see capitalism as hugely undermining the individuals sense of personal value since the working class who are responsible for creation of wealth are never paid or valued enough and instead, the wealth goes to the capital owners. Both social democracies and revolutionary communism praise the efforts of the laborer who turns the raw materials into something of greater value and as such believe that he should play a bigger role in decision making. The very symbols of communism which are a hammer and a chisel reinforce the importance with whic h the working force is held in revolutionary communism. Kornblum notes that Karl Marx, the acclaimed Father of Communism taught that the socialist state which communism sought to create would be controlled by the working class led by their own trade unions and political parties (479). Social democracies on the other hand advocate for an increase in the power that the worker has as well as an increase in the share that they receive from the profits since they are deemed to be the most important piece in the economy. Social democrats and communists alike view capitalism as being socially unjust and somewhat undemocratic. While capitalism purports to be democratic in nature, Schweickart questions this proposition by highlighting the enormous role that money plays in contemporary elections and the fact that major media outlets which influx public opinion are owned by and controlled by the wealthy (8).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How does Revolution ary Communism compare with Democratic Socialism? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, capitalism results in the elite being in power as a result of their enormous wealth and vested interests in media. Schwartz and Schulman note that while capitalism proposes an economic and political relationship that is free and private to all; this is not feasible since such a contract is not made among economic equals and as such, only the well off benefit (1). A significant similarity between communist parties and social democratic parties is their relationships with trade unions. The BBC suggests that communist trade unions played a significant role in government and were used as the communist partys transmission belts which increased the power of the communist regime. Democratic socialists on the other hand back up trade unions and propose for the incorporation of democracy in industry which results in a situation whereby the workers are not only â€Å"drones† but play an active role in establishing their destiny. Democratic socialists continue to enjoy a close relationship with trade unions since they view building of strong trade unions and community organizations as the only means through which the imbalances that capitalism has created can be redressed (Schwartz and Schulman 4). Differences A significant difference between communism and democratic socialism is with regard to property ownership. In communism, the private ownership of property is abolished in favor of public property which is run by the state for the good of all the people. As such, changes to communist regimes are characterized by the widespread repossession of land and property from the rich and a management of the same by the state. On the other hand, social democracy does not call for the abolishment of private property but rather believes that the public should have some measure of control on the use of property. This is in line with the democr atic socialism belief that private property may exist at the same time that large corporations are owned by the state and run for the benefit of all citizens (Kornblum 478). Social democracies advocate for the promotion of majority social ownership in which there exists a property-owning working class. Guo notes that social democracies propose a system whereby stock ownership by individual workers is the main form of public ownership in the society (124). Another difference between democratic socialism and communisms is in their idea of how the change into their political ideals can be made. Revolutionary communism holds it that the capitalism would never let go of their hold on community and political power and as such, only a violent revolution can result in the changes that communism calls for.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The 1917 Bolshevik revolution that threw off the Czar in Russia and led to the establishment of a communism state were marred with violent uprisings. This revolt was led by the workers and the peasants just as the communism mandate proposes that such revolutions would occur. The socialist revolution that occurred in china also had a violent history with little sympathy being shown to the bourgeois democracy that had once ruled the nation. Social democracy on the other hand believes that the changes they propose for the society can occur through an evolutionary process that follows the democratic means that are a part of our modern society. The prevalence for following of democracy by social democrats is evident with most European countries having parties which identify themselves as social democrats. Social democracy and communism also show huge differences in the economic model that they follow. Communism follows the non-market, centrally-planned economy. Schweickart notes that mod ern day social democracies have distanced themselves from this economic model and rather follow a post capitalistic economy that retains market completion, but socializes the means of production and in some instances extends democracy to the workplace (9). This difference in their economic outlook can be best articulated in the difference between the socialist principle of from each according to his ability, to each according to his work to the communist principle of from each according to his ability to each according to his needs (Bornstein and Fusfeld 117). Discussion While both revolutionary communism and democratic socialism continue to play second fiddle to capitalism, both are influential ideologies. The demise of the Soviet Union was without a doubt a major blow to communism and Ziblatt notes that the collapse of communism presented a significant challenge to the ruling communist parties of East Central European as they lacked the central leadership, Moscow (123). As such, m ost of these parties reinvented themselves as social democratic parties. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, many parties which were once socialist began to distance themselves from the socialism as it was traditionally understood and reinvented themselves as social democratic parties Guo notes that while the European social democrats have been criticized by most of the capitalism oriented parties, this has changed with time and in the recent years, these former critics are gradually endorsing the ideas of the social democrats (127). Firm believers of democratic socialism such as Venezuelas President Hugo Chavez hold it that only this political system can solve the world problems and bring about social justice and prosperity for all. This is a sentiment that has sound theoretic backing since social democracy combines the best from the major political ideologies of the world namely; capitalism and communism. While most people deride communism and social democracies as bein g undemocratic, the New York Times notes that capitalism as well comes in various forms and in the same manner that a communism or socialist state might fail to be democratic, capitalism is not necessarily democratic as was the case with Hitlers Germany or Mussolinis Italy. As such, each ideology should be taken on merit and the making of generalizations should be avoided at all costs. The communism ideal has long lost popularity and communist parties remain unpopular in post-communist democracies. However, their significance in certain organizations such as trade unions remains strong and as such; their influence can still be felt. Conclusion Inequality has been universally acknowledged as a major roadblock in the way for economic and social prosperity. Political ideologies propose to solve this by coming up with systems that income inequality is diminished or ideally done away with therefore leading to a utopian society. This paper set out to perform a critical comparison of two p olitical ideologies; Communism and Democratic Socialism, both of which propose to do away mitigate social ills therefore leading to a harmonious society. From this paper, it has been seen that both this systems have a lot of similarities and that communism is in fact a more evolved form of democratic socialism. From the arguments presented in this paper, it can be seen that at the present time, democratic socialism is not only more feasible but presents the best system of governance. This is because the absolute equality and communal ownership that communism advances may never be achieved in the world but the ideals that Democratic socialists’ advances are achievable in the present time. DSA. Democratic Socialists of America. 2007. Web. Guo, Baogang. â€Å"Old Paradigms, New Paradigms, and Democratic Changes in China.† Journal of Chinese political science, 2008. Kornblum, William. Sociology in a Changing World. Cengage Learning, 2007. New York Times. East Berlin Diary . Web. Sackur, Stephen. President Chavezs socialist world vision. 14 June 2010. Web. Schwartz, Joseph and Schulman, Jason. Towards Freedom: Democratic Socialist Theory and Practice. Schweickart, David. Democratic Socialism Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice Sage Reference Project. Sage, 2006. Woolsey, Dwight. Communism and Socialism in Their History and Theory: A Sketch. BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2009. Wren, Christopher. Communists Meet in South Africa. 06 Dec 1991. Web. Ziblatt, Daniel. â€Å"The Adaptation of Ex-Communist Parties to Post-Communist East Central Europe: a Comparative Study of the East German and Hungarian Ex-Communist Parties.† Communist and Post-Communist Studies, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 119–137, 1998.

English Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

English Literature - Essay Example He argues that the artistic obligation of the black writers is more of engaging with the issues of interests rather than engaging with the stereotypical issues that are assigned by the White society. Though the white society’s notion of the responsibility of the black artists asserts their engagement with black stereotypes, Ellison tends to trace such notion as an â€Å"imposed invisible identity† (Fanon, 1991: 23). Indeed the invisibility of the narrator of Ellison’s novel arises from the society’s notion of ethnicity. The conflict grows between his self-perceived identity and the identity imposed by his society, as the first person narrator of the novel says, â€Å"I am an invisible man. No†¦I am a man of substance, of flesh and bone, fiber and liquids—and I might even be said to possess a mind. I am invisible; understand, simply because people refuse to see me† (Ellison, 1994: 7). The narrator’s perpetuating blackness reveals a great deal of Ellison’s view of black identity. He is overly obsessed with â€Å"the concept of â€Å"other† and his view of â€Å"other† obviously refers to the white-dominated society† (McSweeney, 1988: 45). According to him, the concept â€Å"otherness† is, in the first place, generated by the white society’s assertion of the black stereotype. Ellison personally believes that submitting to the demand of this â€Å"other† is the loss of one’s own identity. In his another article, â€Å"Art of Fiction† he expresses this view, â€Å"If the Negro, or any other writer, is going to do what is expected of him, he’s lost the battle before he takes the field†. (Ellison, 2003: 212) In some sense, Ellison launches a lethal satire against the stereotyping of African-Americans as ‘black’ by the dominant white culture. For him the assertion of the black stereotype is nothing but the dream of a race-free America, because it essentially asserts the race-dominated view of the black ethnicity. The bizarreness of the

Communication in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication in Organizations - Essay Example Motivation: The structure of organizational goals, the feedback on the progress towards the attainment of these goals, and the fortification of the desired behavior all stimulates motivation and require communication. Emotional expression: Many employees interact generally with their work groups. This communication that takes place within the work group is a major source for the members of the group for expressing certain feelings such as of frustration and satisfaction (Bobo 18). Information: This information can be exchanged all the way through formal communication channels or informal communication channels. This function of communication in organizations enhances the process of decision-making (Robbins). Electronic Communication is a speedy and accurate transfer of information and cost efficient transfer services. Electronic databases and storage systems have significantly changed the process of gathering information for organizational purposes. Way that electronic communication has impacted writing in organizations is e-mail. Facsimile transmission is a more elegant form of electronic mail used in many businesses today (Munter).

Will Genderless Fashion Change Retail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Will Genderless Fashion Change Retail - Essay Example Additionally, gender fashion is becoming the norm in many fashion centres. Many people in the fashion industry are wondering whether the genderless mode of fashion will apply in the retail industry. Some, however, are quite confident that people will do away with gender codes that have been considered for many years. For example, some women go for Givenchy men’s collection. On the other hand, men have been found eyeing and buying brands for women such as the Celine. Traditional demographic segments such as location, age and gender no longer applies in the fashion industry. The fact is that many people are creating their brands that are not dictated by traditional demographics noted earlier. For example, it has been noted that close to 30% of menswear are genderless. However, research shows that women, many of them, go for men’s clothes. Despite the move by both sexes to any store regardless of their gender, there is a problem of size. For example, with both sexes going for the same product, it is quite complicated to tell their sizes based on specifications such as medium size. The future is, however, bright for a genderless fashion. This can be noted from a few things that women and men share such as makeup (Mellery-Pratt). Picture A and B shows men dressed on women fashion. Those are some of the strategies called by Franà §ois-Henri Pinault, the chief executive who noted that there should be a change in the industry. Women have, for many decades dominated the fashion industry. The solution to Michele’s ailing industry is having both sexes on the runway. They should also have fashions with some similarities. As noted from the two pictures, the two men are dressed in women’s fashion. This is a change that has to go beyond the fashion industry to retail centres. Some fashion centres have tried the strategy of having women and men models. Saint Laurent is one that

Fluctuating Prices and Declining Income of Farmers

Fluctuating Prices and Declining Income of Farmers INTRODUCTION Farming is the growing of crops and the rearing of animals. Major agricultural products include; fish, cereals, cattle, vegetables, oilseed, poultry, potatoes, sheep. Farming contributed  £5.6 billion to the UK economy in 2006. In the last 25 years, farming in Britain has transformed a lot. Farming provided employment for quite a number of people, but nowadays, with the help of machinery and equipment, and the problems associated with farming, only a few people remain on the farm. The total labour force employed in agriculture in the UK is 541,000, of whom 190,000 are employees and the remaining 351,000 are self-employed farmers, partners, directors and spouses. Overall, 1.8% of the UKs workforce is directly employed in farming .The UK food chain accounts for almost 8% of the total economy (RuSource, 2008). However, farmers have always faced problems such as Increasing population growth, water logging and salinity, converting the arable land into non-agricultural uses, high cost of production, fluctuating prices, declining income, increased tax etc. But this article will focus mainly on why farmers have been facing fluctuating prices and declining income over the years. PRICE AND AGRICULTURE Price is the amount of money needed to purchase something or the quantity of payment or compensation for something. A price fluctuation is a change in the price market. Agricultural experts and businesspeople have blamed fluctuating commodity prices, difficult capital accesses and poor development of downstream industries for poor performance of the countrys agricultural industry. Some of the causes of price fluctuations in agriculture includes; seasonal change in supply which is adversely affected by natural or climatic factors, lack of finance, use of crude implements, seasonal shortage of demand, etc. The market structure of a farm which is perfect competition also affects the price. The market structure is such that the farmer cannot influence the price. The price is determined purely by the forces of demand and supply. According to PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) IV executive director Dahlan Harahap,   fluctuating prices influenced the agricultural industrys performances because most of the companies relied on their revenues on exports. Several major commodities which are mostly exported include crude palm oil (CPO) (77 percent exported), rubber (83 percent), cacao (86) and coffee (70). INCOME AND AGRICULTURE Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame, which is generally expressed in monetary terms. However, for households and individuals, income is the sum of all the wages, salaries, profits, interest payments, rents and other forms of earnings received in a given period of time. For firms, income generally refers to net-profit: what remains of revenue after expenses have been subtracted. Farmers have faced declining income over the years due to high cost of production and low return to investment. According to Dahlan, high bank interest is one of the factors impeding the countrys agricultural industry. Indonesia, he added, sets the highest bank interest rate in Southeast Asia. This however affects farmers income. UK farming incomes are defined at the industry level by a measure known as Total Income from Farming (TIFF) and at the farm level by a measure known as Net Farm Income. Both measures have exhibited long term decline since the 1960s, reaching a low point in 2000 with average Net Farm Income at just  £8700. Governments of many countries have felt it expedient to intervene in agricultural markets, and have resorted to different forms of controls and subsidies. These have often led to the accumulation of vast surpluses, which have sometimes rotted in storage and sometimes been sold abroad at subsidized prices. The theory of demand and supply can be used to understand why farmers face fluctuating price and declining since Price is a reflection of supply and demand. DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN AGRICULTURE The agricultural sector is a very unique sector in economics because it displays characteristics in terms of the demand for and the supply of its goods not seen in any other sector. The principal characteristics of demand are that it is both income and price inelastic and it has high dependency on population and tastes which cause demand to be static in both the short and the long run. On the other hand supply is very volatile in the short run due to extraneous factors because supply is a biological process though in the long run due to technological advances we tend to observe an increasing trend. Also, because agricultural products are perishable and because the production period is long, supply will be inelastic so producers will have to supply in the short run even at very low prices. Another characteristic of supply is its atomistic structure and asset fixity. These basically imply that there will be a large number of insignificant producers and that most agricultural asset will be fixed. These have various implications for prices which are very unstable in the short run and in the long run present a declining trend. Similarly farm incomes tend to be unstable in the short run and converge in the long run though it must be noted that this is also due to extensive government subsidisation of agriculture. DEMAND Demand  refers to how much (quantity) of a product or service is desired by buyers. The quantity demanded is the amount of a good that a consumer is willing and able to buy at a given price over a given period of time. Demand curve is a graph showing the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity of the good demanded over a given time period. Price is measured on the vertical axis; quantity demanded is measured on the horizontal axis The law of demand states that the quantity of a good demanded per period of time will fall as price rises and will rise as price falls, other things being equal (ceteris paribus). Demand on price and income According to Richard and Chrystal (2007); Agricultural production is subject to large variations resulting from factors that are beyond human control. For example, bad weather reduces output below that planned by farmers while exceptionally good weather pushes output above planned levels. Inelastic demand De E Elastic demand D1 Price Inelastic demand P0 Elastic demand Quantity 0 q1 q0 q3 Unplanned changes in output . Figure 3.1 Unplanned fluctuations in output (Richard and Chrystal 2007) Because farm products often have inelastic demands, large price fluctuations causes unplanned changes in production which in turn affects farmers income. Stabilization of agricultural prices: Farmers are allowed to sell their whole crop each year. When production unexpectedly exceeds normal output, the government buys in the market. It allows price to fall, but only by the same proportion that production has increased. When production unexpectedly falls short of normal output, the government enters the market and sells some of its stocks. It allows price to rise, but only by the same proportion that production has fallen below normal. Thus, as farmers encounter unplanned fluctuations in their output, they encounter exactly offsetting fluctuations in prices, so that their revenues are stabilized. In effect, the government has converted the elasticity of demand from being inelastic to being unitary. With a unit elasticity the total revenue of sellers does not change as quantity changes, because given percentage changes in quantity are offset by equal percentage changes of price but in the opposite direction. Figure 3.2 Income stabilization (Richard and Chrystal 2007) Income stabilization is achieved by allowing prices to fluctuate in inverse proportion to output Appropriate government intervention in agricultural markets can reduce price fluctuations and stabilize producers revenues.

Flanking in a Price War Article Summary Essay -- Economics Prices Econ

Flanking in a Price War Article Summary The article begins by giving a brief analysis of a study that was conducted in Quebec in the early 1980’s involving the grocery industry. It discusses a point of time before the leader in market share, Steinberg, Inc., initiated a price war. One of the authors of the article, Roger J Calantone, was involved in an experiment with one of the smaller grocery chains, IGA. The experiment was designed to see what IGA should do so as to retain profitability if their main competition launched an all out price war. The main premise was that certain goods, if prices were lowered, would have more favorable price demand elasticity than other goods. This would enable the grocer to not have to slash prices across the board, rather only cut prices on specific goods so as to retain profitability during a price war with the other competitors. During this time, the other competitors combined had dominant market share. The piece gives a background of the Quebec grocery market between 1950 and 1983, and discussed the main players in the market in this time period. It specifically discusses Steinberg, Inc. This grocery chain, as previously mentioned, was the market leader for most of this time until 1980 due to some questionable pricing strategies it had implemented as well as some political changes that occurred in the late 1970’s. The next point of the article was to discuss a pricing experiment IGA and the author chose to follow to help combat a price war initiated by its competitors. The premise of the experiment was to ascertain if certain goods were reduced in price, while others maintained or increased price, what would happen to overall demand elasticity as well as specific goods’ demand elasticity. The goods were divided into two key components and these were: stock-up goods (non-perishable items that could be bought in bulk) and nonstick-up goods (perishable items). The method ology and results of the experiment was discussed in this treatment. The results ultimately fell in favor of IGA and thusly they were able to effectively fight and win a price war with its major competitors in 1983. Pricing Experiment Design The experiment used a â€Å"covariance design within a Bayesian decision framework† to determine that stock-up goods have a different demand elasticity than nonstock-up goods. (Calantone, et al, 1989, p.1) Bayes... ...sis. It also learned that given a price war it could even raise prices of nonstock-up goods to offset the lowering of the stock-up goods prices and not affect the elasticity of demand on the nonstock-up goods in a negative way. What Did I Learn? I learned that in an ogopolistic market it might be wiser to collaborate with competitors rather than aggressively attempt to drive them out of the market. The Steinberg grocery chain, due to its aggressive pricing strategy, effectively cost itself market share and profitability. Rather than engage in this type of behavior, Steinberg should have attempted to remain at market equilibrium as it was the dominant player. They should have considered the ramifications of eliminating competition, and what scenarios could potentially occur if they continued on with their current strategies. Bibliography Calantone, R., Droge, C., Litvack, D., Di Benedetto, C. (1989). Flanking in a Price War. Interfaces, 19, 1-12. Wessels, W.J., Economics (3rd ed.) Joyce, J., "Bayes' Theorem", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2003 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2003/entries/bayes-theorem/>.

How Does Stress Affect Appetite? Essay

First off I chose this topic because of personal experiences. At times when I was stress I noticed that I would have an increase in appetite. I first asked myself, is stress reliable for most weight gain in individuals? But I found that question too complex to answer in a short amount of time. After looking over my resources, I noticed that the studies had a focus on gender or food choice of stressed individuals. So in this paper I have a focus on gender and food choice. I hypothesize that women will be more likely to eat sweet foods and to be more stressed than men. Stress is that uneasy emotion or feeling that has you feeling blue, down, sad, and depressed-like. Most people experience some type of stress at some point in their life. In stressful situations your brain will signal the adrenal glands to release a hormone. That hormone is called cortisol. Cortisol releases glucose and fatty acids into the bloodstream to provide energy to the muscles. When you have high cortisol levels, appetite increases as well as the fat deposits made. A lot of this weight will settle in the trunk, cervical, or abdomen area of the stressed person. You will also begin to crave foods that contain high calories and few nutrients, which are not healthy. Stress causes the body to burn more vitamins and minerals. Some of those burned are magnesium, vitamin B and zinc. These vitamins are needed to balance blood sugar, a downfall in these levels cause and increase in stress. The adrenal glands require more vitamin C and pantothenic acid during stress. This vitamin is also part of the vitamin B complex. (Tice) When stressed it seems impossible to sleep but sleep deprivation affects blood sugar levels by increasing cortisol and reducing the production of leptin. This will cause you eat more and become an emotional eater instead of being physically hungry. The lack of exercise will cause cortisol levels to be high as well. Stress can affect you appetite in a three ways. You can have a loss of appetite, an increase in appetite which causes you to overeat, or a mixture  of both. Those who overeat are most likely to be emotional eaters. Emotional eating is when a person eats for reasons such as emotional upheavals, rather than for hunger itself. (Paul M.) The definition for emotional eating is indulging in an excessive intake of food. (Paul M.) Those who restrict their intake of food are called restrictive eater. But in this paper I focus on those who are emotional eaters and or overeat. Foods that are eaten during stress are often referred to as junk food or comfort foods. Although they may not be healthy they make the feelings of stress go away temporarily. Stress and Food Choice: A Laboratory Study The first study I looked at was focused on the food choice that individuals chose during stressful times. Their initial question is whether or not acute stress alters food choice during a meal. This study was also designed to test claims of selective effects of stress on appetite for specific sensory and nutritional categories of food and interactions with eating attitudes. Three categories of the food types were sweet, salty and bland. Twenty seven men and forty one women volunteered for this study. They were all nonsmokers and ages range between 18 and 46. They were also paid seven dollars to complete the study. They were allocated to either a stress or controlled conditions during which they were provided with a buffet lunch. For stress manipulation, the tested group was told that they had to prepare a 4 minute speech performance that would be recorded, with only ten minutes to prepare. This would occur right after eating the buffet. This speech performance task was not mention to the control group. Instead they were told to read over a passage while listening to music. Music is found to be calming and soothing. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured and the participants did a self-report of mood measure. This measure was on arrival and after the 10 minute stress induction. At the beginning they were asked to rate hunger level on scale 1 to 7. At the end they were to rate the perceived stressfulness on a scale of 1 to 7. Two measures to assess the effect of the stress manipulation on eating behavior and food choice were the food intake during a meal and appetite for a range of foods immediately before eating the meal. For food intake, the participants were allowed to eat freely for 15 minutes from a buffet lunch. For appetite ratings, the participants were presented with photos of food and asked â€Å"how much do you  fancy eating some of this food at the moment?† and indicated their response on a scale from 1 to 7. ————————————————- The results were that increases in blood pressure and changes in mood showed the effectiveness of the stressor. Stress did not alter overall intake or appetite for the food categories. Stressed emotional eaters ate more sweet high fat foods and a more energy dense meal than unstressed and non-emotional eaters. Women scored higher than men on the emotional eating scale as expected. Men ate significantly more bland and salty foods than women. Just with this one study it does show that stress can alter food choice and intake of food. There isn’t a big gender difference but it was determined that women are more likely to be emotional eaters. This was a small study so that could be a possible limitation. There is evidence that snack consumption may be more susceptible to stress than meals. Most stressed individuals prefer to snack instead of meals but also because of small energy dense snacks are more easily ingested and digested when gut activity is suppressed by sympathetic arous al. (Georgina) ————————————————- There are no significant differences between genders when it comes to stress. There is belief that women experience more stress than men. Some research suggests that in stress coping behavior, men are more likely to turn to alcohol or smoking and that women turn to food. (Harvard) A study showed that out of 5,000 obese men and women, women’s obesity was stress related eating but not for men. (Harvard) Although there is a high weight gain for both sexes, it is higher in men. The Effects of Stress on Food Choice, Mood and Bodyweight in Healthy Women This source examined the effects of stress on the neuroendocrine production of cortisol and links it to potential changes in food choice, bodyweight and mood. (Roberts) Stressful situations can cause you to have a lower mood, increased energy intake such as fatty acids and non-milk extrinsic sugars and bodyweight to go up and down. This study looked a 71 healthy women in their forties. The end result they found that there is an increase in cortisol secretion during a period of chronic stress to be strongly  correlated with changes in food choice and increased energy consumption, as well as an increase in intake of saturated fatty acids and NMES. (Roberts) This then led to an increase in bodyweight. During the stress period there was an increase of depression and anxiety but there was no we could ï ¬ nd no correlation with mood, food choice or energy intake. This study also found that women with a body mass index (BMI) on the higher side of ‘healthy’, who experienced a signiï ¬ cant increase in cortisol secretion under chronic stress, were more vulnerable to increases in bodyweight than women with lower BMIs and a smaller increase in cortisol secretion. (Roberts) I definitely agree with women eating more sweets when stressed. Every time I am under stress I eat sweets and must have a soda with it. Even though I may have had a meal an hour before hand I still crave it. Seems very interesting how our bodies respond to stress. I believe this has a permanent effect on the body. Once you become under stress for a period of time and consistently eat, I believe that the bad habit of being an emotional eater is hard to break. I have found it hard to break. According to my research stress does have an effect on appetite and it does alter food choices. Most men prefer salty or bland foods and women prefer sweets. There isn’t much gender differences but women seem to have more effect of stress than men. References Birmingham, K. (2006). Effect of Stress on Eating Habits. Effect of Stress on Eating Habits. Retrieved November 5, 2012, from http://www.eatingdisordershelpguide.com/eating-disorders/effect-of-stress-on-eating-habits.htm D. (2010, September). Stresshacker. Stresshacker. Retrieved November 6, 2012, from http://www.stresshacker.com/2010/09/can-comfort-food-reduce-stress/ Epel, E., Lapidus, R., McEwen, B., & Brownell, K. (2000, June 21). Stress May Add Bite to Appetite in Women: A Laboratory Study of Stress Induced Cortisol and Eating Behavior. Elsveir.com. Retrieved December 1, 2012, from http://writing.unc.edu/sites/default/files/Epel.pdf Georgina, O., Wardle, J., & Gibson, L. (1999, October 18). Psychosomatic Medicine. Stress and Food Choice: A Laboratory Study. Retrieved November 20, 2012, from http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/content/62/6/853.full Harvard Health.

Free Essays on Classroom Management Plan

Classroom Management Plan A successful manager must practice preventative management when it comes to dealing with classroom behavior. I believe that it is very important to establish control over the classroom right from the first day of the school year. The rules and regulations of my classroom will be clearly outlined for the students on an agreement that would be signed by them and their parents. I plan to include in this outline what I expect from the students in terms of appropriate behavior in the classroom as individuals, and in working together in groups. In addition, in order to establish a safe and cooperative learning environment, students will be reminded that they are to have great respect for their classmates. It is crucial that a student be instructed to respect the thoughts and ideas of others. Moreover, they also need to learn proper manners in working with other human beings. In explaining the rules, I would never do so in a stern fashion. Rather, I will leave the students with a feeling of confidence in their ability to cooperate with their classmates in successfully completing their course work. Once these rules are established the teacher should be consistent and fair in enforcing these rules and the penalties that are incurred by the students for breaking them. Effective rules are not the only component to preventative management in the classroom. Lessons must also be carefully planned in order to keep student attention. If a teacher is to be an effective classroom manager then he or she must keep the attention of the students throughout the entire class period. I believe that if there is some extra time at the end of a class period, there is nothing wrong with allowing students to do their homework or converse quietly. However, all teachers should let students know from the beginning of the school year that this is a privilege that can be taken away if it is abused. It is important for students to learn that su... Free Essays on Classroom Management Plan Free Essays on Classroom Management Plan Classroom Management Plan A successful manager must practice preventative management when it comes to dealing with classroom behavior. I believe that it is very important to establish control over the classroom right from the first day of the school year. The rules and regulations of my classroom will be clearly outlined for the students on an agreement that would be signed by them and their parents. I plan to include in this outline what I expect from the students in terms of appropriate behavior in the classroom as individuals, and in working together in groups. In addition, in order to establish a safe and cooperative learning environment, students will be reminded that they are to have great respect for their classmates. It is crucial that a student be instructed to respect the thoughts and ideas of others. Moreover, they also need to learn proper manners in working with other human beings. In explaining the rules, I would never do so in a stern fashion. Rather, I will leave the students with a feeling of confidence in their ability to cooperate with their classmates in successfully completing their course work. Once these rules are established the teacher should be consistent and fair in enforcing these rules and the penalties that are incurred by the students for breaking them. Effective rules are not the only component to preventative management in the classroom. Lessons must also be carefully planned in order to keep student attention. If a teacher is to be an effective classroom manager then he or she must keep the attention of the students throughout the entire class period. I believe that if there is some extra time at the end of a class period, there is nothing wrong with allowing students to do their homework or converse quietly. However, all teachers should let students know from the beginning of the school year that this is a privilege that can be taken away if it is abused. It is important for students to learn that su...

Advanced Organizer 8 Chapter 8 Essays - Educational Psychology

Advanced Organizer 8 Chapter 8 Essays - Educational Psychology Advanced Organizer 8 - Chapter 8: Learners with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Directions: As you review this weeks assigned readings, please complete the Advance Organizer to focus on key points. Submit in the Assignment tab in Blackboard. Before I read, here are my thoughts: What do I already know about learners with emotional or behavioral disorders in a few words (you can list terms or share a few experiences youve had)?That there are underlying issues and these can range from minor to extreme cases. What questions do I have?None Rating my knowledge: Please rate your knowledge before you read using this scale: 1.I dont feel like I know anything about this topic. 2.Ive heard some of the terms, but couldnt tell you what they mean 3.I feel fairly comfortable with the key concepts, but want to know more. 4.I know all about this, and could teach this section.3 Summarize your learning about the following terms below how can you support the learning of students with the disabilities discussed in this chapter? Main TopicKey Points Externalizing behavior what is it and give examplesInvolves striking out against others. Aggression, anger, etc. Internalizing behavior define it and give examplesInvolves mental or emotional conflicts. Depression, anxiety, etc. ComorbidityThe co-occurrence of two or more conditions. SchizophreniaA sever thinking disorder. Might believe they are being controlled by outside forces. AggressionViewed as a learned behavior and assume that it is possible to identify the conditions under which it will be learned. Zero toleranceNo tolerance for any act whether accidental or on purpose and no matter if the student is disabled or not, all is punished the same. Manifestation determination (MD)Deciding whether or not a students misbehavior is a manifestation of disability. Positive behavioral intervention plan (BIP)Emphasis on creating proactive and positive interventions and avoiding punishment. Positive behavioral intervention and support (PBIS)It integrates valued outcomes, the science of human behavior, validated procedures, and systems change to enhance quality of life and reduce problem behavior. Interim alternative educational setting (IAES)Setup for schools to use alternatives for students with EBD rather than suspension or expulsion. Treatment matched to problemsMay be assessed in environments in which the student may feel uncomfortable in order to see what causes the problems to begin with. Multicomponent treatmentMay involve more than one assessment tool or a whole team of professionals. After I read, here are my thoughts: After I read this, it reminded me of something I already knew (you can share something you know or relate the topic to some other part of your learning)Nothing Based on your reading in this chapter, what is the best way to support students with emotional or behavioral disorders?Make sure they are assessed properly and in the least restrictive environment as possible and to just listen to them and take them serious. Reflect on what you learned from Figure 8.1 in the book. What questions do I still have?None Rating my knowledge: Please rate your knowledge after you read using this scale: 1.I dont feel like I know anything about this topic. 2.Ive heard some of the terms, but couldnt tell you what they mean 3.I feel fairly comfortable with the key concepts, but want to know more. 4.I know all about this, and could teach this section.4 Other information Id like to include/remember from this chapters readingNone

The evolution and behavior of a primate species Essay

The evolution and behavior of a primate species - Essay Example A key factor to this argument is that primates relied on sight over smell. They were able to develop a keen sense of depth perception, perhaps because of the constant leaping that was necessary to move about the trees. Their initial adaptation to life in trees set the stage for the subsequent appearance of other primate models ("Paleoanthropology/Primates/Humans"). By "arboreal", we refer to the arboreal theory proposed by Le Gros Clark, claiming that primates evolved from their ancestors by adapting to arboreal life. Primates are thought to have developed several of their traits and habits initially while residing in trees. A key factor to this argument is that primates relied on sight over smell. They were able to develop a keen sense of depth perception, perhaps because of the constant leaping that was necessary to move about the trees. The development of the hands and feet in Primates, which made them capable of grasping, was also believed to be a result of arboreal life, which r equired a great deal of crawling along branches, and reaching out for food, usually fruits ("Arboreal theory").Considered as generalist mammals (species that are able to adapt well in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make the most of a variety of different resources), primates show a wide range of characteristics. Some primates, including humans and baboons, do not live primarily in trees, but all species possess adaptations for climbing trees and the like. The evolution of primates started with the Plesiadapis going back to at least 65 mya. From that time until today, there is a vast difference in the species. In all aspects - behavioral, physical, and cognitive - the primate species have definitely transformed to adapt to its environment. Just as the gist of Charles Darwin's theory on evolution states, it is the survival of the fittest (Darwin). The species, then, transformed because of its need to survive. In the cognitive aspect, the primate's intelligence developed due to reasons that would ensure its survival. Just as apes realized the importance of arboreal locomotion, soon after, some of them have developed the skill in tool-making, and would use them to acquire food and for social displays, especially observed with chimpanzees (Byrne 559). Chimpanzees are also observed to use objects as tools to solve new and novel problems ("Paleoanthropology/Primates/Humans"). By the development of their cognitive element, the physical aspect is too, affected. Primates are particularly large-brained compared to other species, and with the growing cognition, the brain too grows in size. The physical evolution of the primate species, wherein evidences are most apparent in skulls unearthed from the different periods, is very much connected to their behavioral evolution. Also, the bones in the primate's body changed through the different eras. With the increasing intelligence of the primate species , it is then the behavior that changes and transforms. This is then the evolvement of the primates' social behavior. Behavior of primates, in relation to social systems, Richard Wrangham stated that non-human primates' social systems are best classified by the amount of movement by females occurring between groups. He proposed four categories: (1) Female transfer system. It is in this category that the females move away from a group in which they were born. The females in a group are not closely related, whereas the males usually remain with their natal